In the era of new technologies, especially with the spread of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, smart contracts have been considered as an emerging type of digital obligations. These types of contracts, not in the traditional legal sense, but rather as software codes that are automatically executed without human intervention and using the logic of “if...then...” Despite their technical and commercial function, fundamental questions about the legal status of these contracts in Iranian law are raised; including: Can smart contracts be considered as valid contracts according to Article 10 of the Civil Code? How is their probative value and citation ability assessed in courts? And does automatic execution conflict with legal principles and traditional rules of binding contracts? This article, using an analytical and comparative approach, examines the concept and technical structure of smart contracts, analyzes their position in the Iranian legal system, and evaluates the existing legal capacities for accepting or regulating these contracts, emphasizing the concepts of consent, will, proof, and enforceability.