As judicial institutions with the mission of handling minor cases in the Iranian judicial system, peace courts play a vital role in reducing the workload of public courts and increasing access to justice. Since they were officially incorporated into the judicial system under the new Dispute Resolution Council law in 1402, these institutions have experienced fundamental changes in the jurisdictions and methods of proceedings. The importance and necessity of this article lies in analyzing recent developments in the structure and jurisdictions of peace courts and examining their role in improving the judicial process, in line with public access to justice and reducing the density of cases in public courts. The main objective of this research is to closely examine the jurisdictions, characteristics, and role of peace courts in the judicial process. Also, this research analyzes the legal changes and their effects on the performance of peace courts and attempts to identify the most important challenges and opportunities in the Iranian judicial system. The research method of this article is documentary analysis and comparative study of existing laws, which, using reliable sources and available statistics, analyzes the developments in the peace courts and their impact on improving the efficiency of the judicial system. The most important findings include the expansion of the jurisdiction of these courts to areas such as unintentional crimes, financial and legal claims, family claims, and the handling of seventh and eighth degree criminal offenses, which has increased the speed of proceedings and reduced the pressure on the general courts. Also, this research shows that despite the positive changes, there is still a need for further reforms in the executive processes and structure of these courts.