سیر تطور تقنینی خسارت معنوی ناشی از بزهکاری در حقوق کیفری ایران با چشم اندازی به پرونده های جنایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه شهید اشرفی اصفهانی ، اصفهان ، ایران

10.22034/jml.2023.1989154.1232

چکیده

ﺿﺮر و زﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از زﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ دﻳﮕﺮى ( ﻣﺠﻨﻰ علیه ، ورﺛﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺴﺎن او )وارد ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮدد.ﻣﺘﻀﺮر از ﺟﺮم ﭘﺲ از آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺷﺎﻛﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮد را در ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻰ ( دادﺳﺮا ﻳﺎ دادﮔﺎه) ﻃﺮح ﻛﺮد ﺣﻖ دارد ﺑﺮاى ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت و ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ارﺗﻜﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺑﻪ او وارد ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻘﺎم ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻰ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻛﻨﺪ. در ﻧﻈﺎم های ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ دادﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎى ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ و کیفری در رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى در صلاحیت ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ اﺻﻞ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى ﻣﺪﻧﻰ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ کیفری ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى کیفری رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. اﻣﺎ گاهی ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﻴﻔﺮى ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻰ اﻣﻜﺎن رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﻮى ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ را ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ. در ﺣﻘﻮق اﻳﺮان ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ دادگاه های ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ و دادگاه های ﺟﺰاﻳﻰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر کیفری رسیدگی ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ از اﺻﻞ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺑﻮدن رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى پیروی ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ همین ﻣﺒﻨﺎ در ﺧﺼﻮص رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮر و زﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم در ﺿﻤﻦ رسیدگی ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر کیفری ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ابهام و اﺟﻤﺎل و ﻣﻮاد اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﻧﻮن آئین دادرﺳﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﺮى در اﻳﻦ پژوهش که با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی انجتم شده است ﺳﻌﻰ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ و تبین ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ماهیت ﺿﺮر و زﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم ،ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ سیر ﺗﺤﻮل تقنینی دﻋﻮى ﺿﺮر و زﻳﺎن در دادﮔﺎه های ﻛﻴﻔﺮى و روﻳﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﭙﺮدازد

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The course of legislative development of damages caused by delinquency in Iranian criminal law with a perspective on criminal cases

نویسنده [English]

  • amin amirian farsani
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Shahid Ashrafi Isfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The damage caused by the crime is also the damage caused by the criminal action to another person (the victim, his heirs or his successors). The Kurd plan has the right to request compensation from the judicial authority for the damages and injuries that have been caused to him directly by the commission of the crime. In the judicial systems where the legal and criminal courts act in a specialized manner in dealing with claims within their jurisdiction, the principle is that the legal reference deals with civil claims and the criminal reference deals with criminal claims. But sometimes the criminal reference finds the possibility of dealing with the legal claim as an exception. In Iranian law, due to the fact that legal courts deal only with legal matters and criminal courts deal only with criminal matters, the principle of specialization in dealing with claims has been followed on this basis in dealing with claims related to damages. of the crime while dealing with criminal matters due to the ambiguity and summary and the amended articles of the criminal procedure law in this research, which is done with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to investigate and explain the concept and nature of the harm and loss caused by the crime, Investigate the progress of the legal development of claims for damages in criminal courts and judicial procedures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Damage caused by crime
  • private lawsuit
  • compensation
  • judicial procedure
  • criminal law of Iran