This study aims to explore the concepts of jihad and peace in Islamic jurisprudence and to clarify their influence on international relations. Drawing upon jurisprudential sources, Qur’anic verses, and the perspectives of both Shi’a and Sunni scholars, the author seeks to present a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical and practical capacities of these two concepts. The findings suggest that jihad in Islamic law is primarily a defensive and moral instrument—intended to preserve religion, counter oppression, and safeguard the Muslim community—rather than a tool of violence or dominance. Conversely, peace is upheld as a foundational principle within Islamic jurisprudence. Far from replacing jihad, peace complements it, emerging through the Prophet’s conduct and Qur’anic teachings as a rational and faithful strategy in foreign affairs.
In the comparative section, concepts such as defensive jihad and the principle of peaceful dispute resolution show considerable alignment with international legal standards. Additionally, the Shi’a conditions for the legitimacy of preemptive jihad—emphasizing human dignity, invitation before confrontation, and honoring treaties—create avenues for harmonization between Islamic jurisprudence and international law. The study concludes that through dynamic interpretation and jurisprudential rationality, Islamic teachings on jihad and peace may offer a model for justice-oriented, engagement-driven Islamic diplomacy in the contemporary world.