Introduction and Aim: Conflict of interest in the realm of maternal and fetal care, particularly in high-risk settings, represents one of the most complex and high-tension legal and ethical issues in the nursing profession. The aim of this study was to examine the legal and ethical dimensions of this conflict (including the clash between maternal autonomy and the principle of non-maleficence to the fetus) from the perspective of nurses and to propose solutions based on integrated legal-ethical models.Methodology: This study utilized a descriptive-analytical, mixed-methods approach. The statistical population included 28 nurses and midwives working in high-risk maternal and child units. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire (involving conflict of interest scenarios) and analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results: The average legal awareness of nurses regarding these conflicts was estimated to be low, at approximately 32%. Nevertheless, a strong, positive correlation was observed between legal awareness and ethical performance (r=0.61r=0.61r=0.61, p<0.01p<0.01p<0.01). Qualitative analysis indicated that 38% of legal ambiguities were related to the process of obtaining informed consent during emergency deliveries, and 76% of nurses deferred critical decision-making concerning conflicts of interest to physicians due to fear of legal repercussions. In-service training was identified as the strongest predictor of appropriate performance (β=0.42\beta=0.42β=0.42). These conflicts are often intensified due to the lack of transparent protocols for resolution within the framework of Beauchamp & Childress’s four principles (2019) and Watson’s Caring Theory (2008).Conclusion: Conflict of interest between the mother and fetus is a prevalent phenomenon, primarily rooted in the lack of legal protection and insufficient training regarding the clear delineation of nursing and medical responsibilities. To mitigate these conflicts and enhance nurses’ ethical performance to 66.9%, it is crucial to review educational curricula and formulate formal hospital guidelines based on securing the legal safety of nurses.