In response to technological advancements and the need for updating criminal regulations, the electronic monitoring system was introduced in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 as an alternative to imprisonment and a measure of leniency. It was implemented in 2018. Electronic monitoring refers to a set of processes mandated by law, where a competent judicial authority oversees the monitoring and availability of offenders outside of prison through electronic devices, such as electronic ankle bracelets.

This article examines the legislative challenges surrounding this new institution in the Iranian criminal justice system. Its goal is to outline the issues arising from the lack of clarity in related laws and the infrastructural limitations that hinder the optimal use of this measure for reducing the prison population and strengthening the social rehabilitation of offenders. Electronic monitoring, which is implemented through tools such as electronic ankle bracelets, allows convicts to reside in designated environments outside of prison under specific conditions.

The research methodology includes theoretical analyses, examination of judicial practices, advisory opinions, related regulations and guidelines, and field interviews. It aims to identify the ambiguities in the relevant laws and regulations, particularly issues such as the scope of electronic monitoring, the conditions and criteria for issuing it, and the enforcement of violations of the convicts' obligations. Therefore, the research method is analytical-descriptive and field-based. Finally, recommendations are made for reforming the regulations and improving the implementation of electronic monitoring, so that this system can be used as an effective solution for controlling crime and reducing the prison population.