In contemporary legal systems, the relationship between state sovereignty and international law obligations, especially in the field of oversight of public institutions, is considered one of the fundamental challenges in achieving a balance between national interests and transnational obligations. Focusing on the Islamic Republic of Iran, this study examines various aspects of the conflict and alignment between state sovereignty in controlling and directing public institutions on the one hand, and the requirements and standards of international law on the other. In this regard, by using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to analyze specific cases of tension or compliance between the Iranian government's performance and its international obligations in areas such as human rights, humanitarian law, and cooperation with international organizations, while examining fundamental concepts such as national sovereignty, state competence in domestic affairs, public institutions, and principles of international law. The findings of the study indicate that although the principle of state sovereignty has been recognized in international law, with the expansion of peremptory norms and international obligations, the boundaries of this sovereignty have been limited in some cases and conflicts have emerged. However, from a legal and policy perspective, there is a possibility of alignment and comparative interpretation between international obligations and sovereign requirements, which can provide a basis for developing consistent legal strategies and reducing tension between the national and international levels.