Economic diplomacy, as one of the main axes of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, plays a vital role in preserving and promoting national interests during the period of targeted sanctions against the oil and gas industry. Economic advisors, as specialized representatives of the country in the international arena, have the duty to reduce the obstacles caused by sanctions and provide new opportunities for economic interaction by utilizing legal and diplomatic capacities. Analyzing the advisors' performance in these sensitive circumstances, in addition to clarifying the structural and operational strengths and weaknesses, helps to improve countermeasure strategies. Given the complexity and severity of sanctions, strengthening the legal and institutional structure of the economic advisory body and establishing coordination between related agencies are essential requirements for the success of economic diplomacy. This article, while examining the theoretical foundations of economic diplomacy, the legal effects of targeted sanctions, and the role of economic advisors, analyzes the pathology and presents strengthening frameworks so that, while preserving economic interests, it can have a more effective and sustainable resistance to sanctions pressures.