In recent decades, the excessive spread of environmental crimes and the inefficiency of traditional methods of combating them have presented legal systems with a new challenge. The emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things have provided unique capabilities in the field of identifying, detecting, preventing, and even predicting these crimes. These technologies have created a fundamental transformation in legal and criminal processes by enhancing transparency, analyzing big data, intelligent surveillance, and recording information in an unadulterated manner.

This article, with an interdisciplinary and analytical approach, while explaining the fundamental concepts of environmental crimes, examines in detail the role of the three aforementioned technologies in enhancing the efficiency of the criminal justice system in dealing with these crimes. In this regard, the legal challenges arising from the use of these technologies, such as possible violations of privacy, weaknesses in existing laws, problems with accepting technological evidence in judicial processes, and issues related to jurisdiction in the context of transnational crimes, have been analyzed.

Finally, by utilizing comparative studies and examining domestic and international experiences, suggestions are presented for reviewing legal, legislative, and criminal policy structures, with the aim of achieving smart environmental governance with a proactive and technological approach within the framework of the Iranian legal system.