humanity has always faced a sinister phenomenon called war. The main methods of war in past centuries were face-to-face battles and the killing of the military forces of the opposing side. The dominant country, by dominating the defeated country, considered it its tributary and exploited its natural resources and human forces for its own interests. With the advancement of technology, military methods also changed and overwhelming the opposing side with the least human costs was proposed as a desirable war strategy. However, "water" has long been one of the main tools in domestic and international wars and struggles. Undoubtedly, water weapons cause sometimes irreparable damage to the environment and are subject to legal and criminal responsibilities. Although at first glance, the victim of this is the environment and the opposing side of the war, sometimes its consequences are such that the victim of this act can be considered humanity.Analytical-descriptive research method using library and other available sources. The use of water as a weapon in armed conflicts can be used to commit international crimes, including war crimes. In the event of war, the use of weapons that are prohibited by international treaties is considered a war crime, although the Statute of the International Criminal Court, as the first document that explicitly foresees the criminal responsibility of individuals for committing criminal acts in armed conflicts, can be a factor in punishing perpetrators under certain circumstances. Also, the potential of bioterrorism is an undeniable threat in the water debate that should be given special attention from various aspects, including security, politics and health.