Legal and Professional Ethical Analysis of the Nurse’s Role in Protecting Maternal and Neonatal Health Rights in Modern Care Systems In modern healthcare systems, the role of nurses—as key members of the health team—extends beyond clinical care to encompass significant legal and ethical responsibilities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and professional ethical aspects of nurses’ roles in safeguarding the health rights of mothers and newborns. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on the examination of relevant national and international documents, regulations, and nursing ethics codes. Findings reveal that nurses, in addition to providing therapeutic care, hold crucial duties to uphold human dignity, ensure informed consent, protect privacy, and prevent discrimination in maternal and neonatal care. From a legal perspective, adherence to professional ethical principles strengthens justice in healthcare and public trust in health systems. The study concludes that empowering nurses with legal and ethical awareness, developing clear clinical guidelines, and establishing systematic monitoring can greatly enhance the quality of maternal and neonatal care and guarantee the health rights of future generations.