Caring for pregnant mothers in high-risk situations is one of the most complex areas of the nursing profession, which simultaneously exposes nurses to legal and ethical challenges. This study aimed to identify the legal and ethical challenges of nurses in dealing with critical pregnancy situations. The study method was descriptive-analytical, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 nurses working in maternity and intensive care wards for pregnant mothers. The results showed that the most legal challenges were related to the ambiguity of informed consent during emergency deliveries (38% of cases) and the lack of a specific legal protocol in urgent decision situations. From an ethical perspective, nurses mainly faced a conflict between the principle of non-harm and preserving maternal autonomy, and in 76% of cases they left the final decision to the doctor, which indicates a fear of the legal consequences of nursing decisions. Content analysis of the interviews revealed three main axes: 1. Insufficient education on health rights during education, 2. Psychological stress resulting from the dual responsibility of mother and fetus, and 3. Lack of organizational support and ethical counseling in critical moments. In conclusion, the findings indicate that legal and ethical empowerment of nurses and development of clinical guidelines based on the principles of modern health law can increase the confidence of nurses in decision-making and improve the quality of care for pregnant mothers.