Abstract

In recent decades, the international legal system has witnessed fundamental changes in its approach to human rights and the principles of global justice. One of the most important achievements of this development is the recognition of third-generation human rights or solidarity rights, which include concepts such as the right to development, the right to peace, the right to a healthy environment, and equal participation of nations in global resources. In contrast, the World Trade Organization (WTO) system, which is one of the main institutions regulating global economic relations, operates with the aim of expanding free trade, eliminating trade barriers, and supporting competition. This system, with a series of binding agreements, such as GATT, GATS, and TRIPS, has drawn a strict framework for the behavior of states in the field of international trade. Given the importance of these issues, this study, entitled The Legal Effects of WTO Agreements on the Right to Solidarity, raises the question: What effects do WTO agreements have on the right to solidarity? It is written using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, and its results show that the WTO agreements on the right to solidarity, although they were formed with the aim of creating order and transparency in international trade, can in practice have negative effects on the realization of solidarity unless its rules are interpreted in accordance with the principles of human rights and sustainable development, humanitarian and environmental exceptions are expanded, and developing countries play an effective role in the decision-making process.

Keywords: Agreement, WTO, Right to Solidarity, Right to Self-Determination, Right to Development