Abstract

Official documents are considered among the most important tools for ensuring legal security in transactions and consolidating ownership in the Iranian legal system, and the property and document registration system acts as one of the fundamental institutions in guaranteeing the economic and social order of the society. However, in recent years, registration crimes, especially the forgery of official documents, have become one of the major challenges in the fields of criminal law and registration law. Therefore, the factors influencing its occurrence and to provide preventive solutions is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is the criminological analysis of registration crimes in the Iranian legal system with an emphasis on the forgery of official documents. The current research, using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon library resources, relevant laws and regulations, and criminological perspectives, investigates the various dimensions of this crime. In this regard, first, the theoretical concepts and foundations of registration crimes and the position of official documents in the Iranian legal system are explained, and then the individual, social, and structural factors affecting the commission of official document forgery are analyzed. The research findings indicate that factors such as economic motives, supervisory loopholes in certain registration processes, the complexity of administrative formalities, the weakness of internal controls, and in some cases, collusion among certain beneficiaries are among the most important grounds for the occurrence of forgery in official documents Accordingly, strengthening supervision over registration processes, developing electronic systems in document registration, enhancing administrative transparency, and revising certain criminal regulations can play an effective role in reducing the grounds for committing these crimes and increasing public trust in the registration system.

Keywords: Registration crimes, Forgery of official documents, Criminology, Property and document registration system, Crime prevention.