In the digital age, cybercrimes have become one of the serious challenges to national and international security. The transnational nature of these crimes necessitates extensive international cooperation to effectively combat them. The 2001 Budapest Convention, as the first comprehensive international treaty to combat cybercrimes, has provided a legal framework for harmonizing domestic laws, strengthening judicial cooperation, and facilitating cross-border investigations. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of international cooperation in combating cybercrimes and evaluates the effectiveness of the Budapest Convention in dealing with traditional and emerging cybercrimes. The crimes covered by this convention include unauthorized access to computer systems, computer fraud and forgery, illegal content, and infringement of intellectual property rights. However, technological developments have led to the emergence of new crimes such as ransomware, botnet attacks, AI-related crimes, misuse of cryptocurrencies for money laundering, attacks on critical infrastructure, criminal deepfakes, and exploitation of the Internet of Things, which have created new challenges for the international legal system.The present study examines the capacities and limitations of the Budapest Convention in responding to these emerging crimes and analyzes the role of additional protocols and proposed amendments. Also, obstacles to international cooperation, including differences in legal systems, maintaining national sovereignty, privacy protection challenges, and the non-membership of some key countries, are discussed. The findings of this study can help formulate more effective national and international criminal policies and promote judicial cooperation mechanisms in cyberspace.